"During a tsunami, many square miles of the ocean surface can rise and fall nearly in unison. This displaces a significant amount of air above it, sending low-frequency sound and gravity waves speeding upwards toward space. The waves interact with the charged particles of the upper atmosphere [...] where they slightly distort the radio signals coming down to scientific ground stations of GPS and other positioning and timing satellites.""
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-guardian-tsunami-detection-tech-catches-wave-in-real-time/