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Radical AnthropologyDay 13: our leading scholar <a href="https://c.im/tags/IanWatts" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#IanWatts</a> takes us to the heart of <a href="https://c.im/tags/Hadza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Hadza</a> cosmology by following the zigzag trail of the mysterious entity !o!oko, cannibal grandmother and mantis trickster and transformer. Stories and beliefs associated to the Mantis among the Hadzabe of Tanzania compare with the well-known figure of the Mantis among the /Xam Southern <a href="https://c.im/tags/San" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#San</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/huntergatherers" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#huntergatherers</a>. This suggests great antiquity of the concepts related to <a href="https://c.im/tags/lunar" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#lunar</a> time. The word itself -- !o!oko -- is probably very ancient with double alveolar-palatal click (pop sound from taking your tongue quickly away from the alveolar ridge). The -ko ending implies femaleness, but this entity has gender fluidity.<a href="https://c.im/tags/13daysofXmas" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#13daysofXmas</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/RAGtoptalks" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#RAGtoptalks</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/egalitarianism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#egalitarianism</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/gender" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#gender</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/trickster" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#trickster</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/IndigenousCosmology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#IndigenousCosmology</a><a href="https://vimeo.com/761741261" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://vimeo.com/761741261</a>

Radical AnthropologyA superb and scholarly analysis of <a href="https://c.im/tags/African" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#African</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/huntergatherer" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#huntergatherer</a> pigment use by our very own <a href="https://c.im/tags/IanWatts" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#IanWatts</a>.World expert on Middle Stone Age <a href="https://c.im/tags/red" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#red</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/ochre" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#ochre</a>, he is extending to <a href="https://c.im/tags/plant" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#plant</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/pigments" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#pigments</a> in the <a href="https://c.im/tags/ethnographic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#ethnographic</a> record.<a href="https://c.im/tags/anthropology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#anthropology</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/archaeology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#archaeology</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/cosmetics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#cosmetics</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/pigment" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#pigment</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/ritual" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#ritual</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/hunting" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#hunting</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/initiation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#initiation</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/blood" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#blood</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/symbolicculture" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#symbolicculture</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/humanevolution" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#humanevolution</a> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278416524000588" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278416524000588</a>

Radical AnthropologyIn 'Before The Dawn of Everything', archaeologist <a href="https://c.im/tags/IanWatts" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#IanWatts</a> questions Graeber and Wengrow's premise that searching for original human society 'can only be a matter of myth-making'. He argues, for Graeber and Wengrow, a ‘single human “us” can only be inferred from ~30,000 years ago'. The actual stretch of time when we became all-singing, all-dancing, language-speaking symbolic culture-bearing humans -- in Africa-- is abandoned as unknowable. The latest archaeological findings and their interpretation suggest pan-African habitual performance of collective ritual, with a uniform signature of red cosmetic usage, from ~160,000 years ago around the end of speciation, grounding symbolic culture’s first shared imaginaries. While <a href="https://c.im/tags/TheDawnofEverything" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#TheDawnofEverything</a> was clearly intended to be collectively empowering, it marginalises evolutionary theory, the archaeology of our speciation and African hunter-gatherer ethnography. Thereby, it resembles the decried ‘sapient paradox’! That is the fairly racist (!) idea that we got human bodies in Africa but had to reach Europe to show intelligence (or interesting archaeology!) <a href="https://c.im/tags/archaeology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#archaeology</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/humanorigins" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#humanorigins</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/Africa" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Africa</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/MiddleStoneAge" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#MiddleStoneAge</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/sapientparadox" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#sapientparadox</a><a href="https://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/10.3828/hgr.2022.3" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/10.3828/hgr.2022.3</a>

Radical AnthropologyThe authors, led by Dapschauskas and including <a href="https://fosstodon.org/@sommer" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@sommer</a> "try to answer the question of when and where habitual ochre use emerged and what significance this had for the development of ritual behavior during the Middle Stone Age" with a meta-analysis of 100 African sites.They directly address the model developed by myself <a href="https://c.im/tags/CamillaPower" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#CamillaPower</a> with <a href="https://c.im/tags/ChrisKnight" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#ChrisKnight</a> and world-leading pigment specialist <a href="https://c.im/tags/IanWatts" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#IanWatts</a> -- the <a href="https://c.im/tags/FemaleCosmeticCoalitions" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#FemaleCosmeticCoalitions</a> (FCC) hypothesis. We made predictions three decades ago. How do they hold up? <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_cosmetic_coalitions" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_cosmetic_coalitions</a>2/ Image: map of Africa showing over 100 Middle Stone Age sites, some with lithics, some ochre, some both, stretching the length of the continent south, east and north.

Radical AnthropologyIn the three decades since its publication, the <a href="https://c.im/tags/sexstrike" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#sexstrike</a> model has been developed and tested by Knight's colleagues <a href="https://c.im/tags/IanWatts" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#IanWatts</a> and <a href="https://c.im/tags/CamillaPower" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#CamillaPower</a> (researchers with <a href="https://c.im/@RadicalAnthro" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@RadicalAnthro</a> )Ian has switched the focus in Knight's original book from Europe in the Ice Age to recognise that <a href="https://c.im/tags/symbolism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#symbolism</a> arose with our speciation in <a href="https://c.im/tags/Africa" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Africa</a>. He has documented the record of <a href="https://c.im/tags/redochre" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#redochre</a> use through the Southern African <a href="https://c.im/tags/MiddleStoneAge" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#MiddleStoneAge</a> as the residue of ritual bodypaint traditions. Camilla has brought evolutionary theory of <a href="https://c.im/tags/sexualconflict" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#sexualconflict</a> signalling and communication to the model, which is now usually called <a href="https://c.im/tags/FemaleCosmeticCoalitions" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#FemaleCosmeticCoalitions</a> theory. AFAIK, there is no other evolutionary account of what all the blood red pigment is doing there.Here is a useful wiki on Female Cosmetic Coalitions/Sex Strike with recent references and predictions from the model.<a href="https://c.im/tags/redochre" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#redochre</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/MiddleStoneAge" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#MiddleStoneAge</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/sexstrike" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#sexstrike</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/femalecosmeticcoalitions" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#femalecosmeticcoalitions</a><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_cosmetic_coalitions" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_cosmetic_coalitions</a>

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