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#fluiddynamics

5 posts5 participants1 post today
Nicole Sharp<p><strong>Albuquerque: Balloonist Paradise</strong></p><p>Albuquerque, New Mexico’s unique weather characteristics make it a popular destination for hot-air balloonists. While balloonists can control their altitude by warming or venting the air in their balloon, their horizontal travel comes at the mercy of the wind. (Just ask the erstwhile Wizard of Oz.) What makes Albuquerque special is a combination of topography, dry air, and altitude. Together, these features create the <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/pt.xtyb.sqlc" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">“Albuquerque box,”</a> a circulation that gives south-flowing drainage winds below north-flowing prevailing winds.</p><p>The key to the box’s flow is a temperature inversion, where cooler, denser air is trapped near the surface and lighter, warmer air sits above. This typically occurs after a night of clear skies when much of the ground layer’s warm gets radiated away to space — something that’s easily done in high, dry altitudes. </p><p>Temperature inversions like this don’t last very long, though; by late morning, the sun’s warmth will dismantle the Albuquerque box. Still, it is a frequent enough occurrence, especially in the stable atmospheric conditions common in the autumn, that the city hosts an International Balloon Fiesta every October. (Image credit: B. Bos; via <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/pt.xtyb.sqlc" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Physics Today</a>)</p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/albuquerque/" target="_blank">#Albuquerque</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/ballooning/" target="_blank">#ballooning</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/meteorology/" target="_blank">#meteorology</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/temperature-inversion/" target="_blank">#temperatureInversion</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/wind/" target="_blank">#wind</a></p>
Nicole Sharp<p><strong>Flipping Icebergs</strong></p><p>When an iceberg flips, it creates waves that can endanger ships nearby, but the move can also trigger further melting. In the ocean, many factors, including wind and waves, can contribute to an iceberg flipping, so <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/rc7r-h66q" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">researchers studied</a> small, lab-scale versions to see how melting–alone–affects an iceberg’s likelihood of flipping.</p><p>The results showed that melting alone was enough to destabilize icebergs and make them flip, as seen in the timelapse above. These mini-icebergs melted faster underwater, changing the berg’s overall shape and eventually triggering a flip. Corners developed at the waterline where the different melt rates above- and below-the-water met. Whenever a flip occurred, one of these corners would always settle at the new water line, causing the lab iceberg to change from a circular cylinder to a polygon as melting continued. (Image credit: <a href="https://unsplash.com/photos/ice-formation-on-body-of-water-during-daytime-YA0AQH2ced4" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">M. Whiston</a>; research and video credit: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/rc7r-h66q" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">B. Johnson et al.</a>; via <a href="https://physics.aps.org/articles/v18/159" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">APS</a>)</p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/climate-change/" target="_blank">#climateChange</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/iceberg/" target="_blank">#iceberg</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/melting/" target="_blank">#melting</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/stability/" target="_blank">#stability</a></p>
Nicole Sharp<p><strong>Spinning Water</strong></p> <p><a class="" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/wp-content/uploads/newbuck1.png" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"></a></p> <p><a class="" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/wp-content/uploads/newbuck2.png" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"></a></p> <p><a class="" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/wp-content/uploads/newbuck3.png" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"></a></p> <p></p> <p>If you spin a tank of water at a constant speed, it takes on a curved, parabolic shape–a demonstration often called Newton’s bucket. Here, a team from UCLA shows how it’s done, both in terms of the equipment needed and a concise explanation of the physics. In the rotating experiment, water is subjected to both gravity (which acts in a constant magnitude across the tank) and centrifugal force (which is stronger further from the axis of rotation). The shape that balances these forces is a paraboloid, which is why the water takes on that shape. (Video and image credit: UCLA SpinLab)</p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/centrifugal-force/" target="_blank">#centrifugalForce</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/diy-fluids/" target="_blank">#DIYFluids</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/rotating-flow/" target="_blank">#rotatingFlow</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a></p>
Nicole Sharp<p><strong>“Veins of Light and Rivers of Fog”</strong></p><p>Tendrils of fog flow over the crest of a hill in this award-winning photograph from Ray Cao. Seen in timelapse, scenes like this show the sloshing, wave-like motion of fog. They’re a beautiful reminder that air and water move much the same. (Image credit: <a href="https://internationalaerialphotographer.com/index.php/archive/2025-awards-book?42" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">R. Cao/IAPOTY</a>; via <a href="https://www.thisiscolossal.com/2025/07/international-aerial-photo-contest/?__readwiseLocation=" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Colossal</a>)</p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/flow-visualization/" target="_blank">#flowVisualization</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluids-as-art/" target="_blank">#fluidsAsArt</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fog/" target="_blank">#fog</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a></p>
Nicole Sharp<p><strong>Striations on the Sun</strong></p><p>One of the perpetual challenges for fluid dynamicists is the large range of scales we often have to consider. For something like a cloud, that means tracking not only the kilometer-size scale of the cloud, but the large eddies that are about 100 meters across and smaller ones all the way down to the scale of millimeters. In turbulent flows, all of these scales matter. That problem is even harder for something like the Sun, where the sizes range from hundreds of thousands of kilometers down to only a few kilometers. </p><p>It’s those fine-scale features that we see captured here. This colorized image shows light and dark striations on solar granules. Scientists estimate that each one is between 20 and 50 kilometers wide. They’re reflections of the small-scale structure of the Sun’s magnetic field as it shapes the star’s hot, conductive plasma. (Image credit: NSF/NSO/AURA; research credit: <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/add470" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">D. Kuridze et al.</a>; via <a href="https://gizmodo.com/sharpest-view-of-the-sun-reveals-magnetic-stripes-the-size-of-manhattan-2000610922?__readwiseLocation=" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Gizmodo</a>)</p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/magnetic-field/" target="_blank">#magneticField</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/magnetohydrodynamics/" target="_blank">#magnetohydrodynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/solar-dynamics/" target="_blank">#solarDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/sun/" target="_blank">#sun</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/turbulence/" target="_blank">#turbulence</a></p>
Nicole Sharp<p><strong>Dispersing Pollutants via Smokestack</strong></p> <p><a class="" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/wp-content/uploads/smokestack1.png" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"></a></p> <p><a class="" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/wp-content/uploads/smokestack2.png" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"></a></p> <p><a class="" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/wp-content/uploads/smokestack3.png" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"></a></p> <p></p> <p>In our industrialized society, pollutants are, to an extent, unavoidable. Even with technologies to drastically reduce the amount of pollutants leaving a factory or plant, some will still get released. It’s up to engineers to make sure that those released spread out enough that their overall concentration does not pose a risk to public health. In this Practical Engineering video, Grady explains some of the physics and engineering considerations that go into this task. </p><p>As he demonstrates, taller smokestacks speed up the buoyant exhaust plume (to an extent), which exposes the plume to higher winds, greater turbulence, and, thus, quicker dispersal. But atmospheric conditions and even nearby buildings all affect how a plume spreads. (Image and video credit: Practical Engineering)</p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/air-pollution/" target="_blank">#airPollution</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/buoyancy/" target="_blank">#buoyancy</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/civil-engineering/" target="_blank">#civilEngineering</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/infrastructure/" target="_blank">#infrastructure</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/plumes/" target="_blank">#plumes</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/pollution/" target="_blank">#pollution</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/thermodynamics/" target="_blank">#thermodynamics</a></p>
Nicole Sharp<p><strong>Dusty Clouds Make More Ice</strong></p><p>Even when colder than its freezing point, water droplets have trouble freezing–unless there’s an impurity like dust that they can cling to. It’s been long understood in the lab that adding dust allows water to freeze at warmer temperatures, but proving that at atmospheric scales has been harder. But a <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adt5354" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">new analysis</a> of decades’ worth of satellite imagery has done just that. The team showed that a tenfold increase in dust doubled the likelihood of cloud tops freezing.</p><p>Since ice-topped clouds reflect sunlight and trap heat differently than water-topped ones, this connection between dust and icy clouds has important climate implications. (Image and research credit: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adt5354" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">D. Villanueva et al.</a>; via <a href="https://eos.org/articles/dust-is-the-skys-ice-maker?__readwiseLocation=" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Eos</a>)</p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/climate-change/" target="_blank">#climateChange</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/cloud-formation/" target="_blank">#cloudFormation</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/dust/" target="_blank">#dust</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/meteorology/" target="_blank">#meteorology</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a></p>
Nicole Sharp<p><strong>A Braided River</strong></p><p>The Yarlung Zangbo River winds through Tibet as the world’s highest-altitude major river. Parts of it cut through a canyon deeper than 6,000 meters (three times the depth of the Grand Canyon). And other parts, like this section, are braided, with waterways that shift rapidly from season to season. The swift changes in a braided river’s sandbars come from large amounts of sediment eroded from steep mountains upstream. As that sediment sweeps downstream, some will deposit, which narrows channels and can increase their scouring. The river’s shape quickly becomes a complicated battle between sediment, flow speed, and slope. (Image credit: M. Garrison; animation credit: R. Walter; via <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/154747/braided-river-in-tibet-redraws-its-channels" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">NASA Earth Observatory</a>)</p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/geophysics/" target="_blank">#geophysics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/rivers/" target="_blank">#rivers</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/satellite-image/" target="_blank">#satelliteImage</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/sediment-transport/" target="_blank">#sedimentTransport</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/sedimentation/" target="_blank">#sedimentation</a></p>
Nicole Sharp<p><strong>Smoke Bomb</strong></p><p>With a flurry of motion along its pectoral fin, a sting ray lifts the sand nearby and disappears into the turbid cloud. This tactic helps the animal both hide and escape. In a similar move, sting rays and other bottom-dwelling fish can <a href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/2015/12/flounders-stingrays-and-other-flat/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">bury themselves in sand</a>.(Image credit: <a href="https://oceanographicmagazine.com/winners-gallery/?winners_year=2025" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Y. Coll/OPOTY</a>; via <a href="https://www.thisiscolossal.com/2025/08/ocean-photographer-of-the-year-2025-finalists/?__readwiseLocation=" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Colossal</a>)</p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluids-as-art/" target="_blank">#fluidsAsArt</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/sediment-transport/" target="_blank">#sedimentTransport</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/sedimentation/" target="_blank">#sedimentation</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/stingray/" target="_blank">#stingray</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/turbulence/" target="_blank">#turbulence</a></p>
Nicole Sharp<p><strong>Biodegradable PIV Particles</strong></p><p>Particle image velocimetry–PIV, for short–is used to visualize fluid flows. The technique introduces small, neutrally-buoyant particles into the flow and illuminates them with laser light. By comparing images of the illuminated particles, computer algorithms can work out the velocity (and other variables) of a flow. Typical methods use hollow glass spheres or polystyrene beads as the particles that follow the flow, but these options have many downsides. They’re expensive–as much as $200/pound–and they can potentially harm test subjects, like animals whose swimming researchers are studying. Instead, researchers are now <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/bg66-976x" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">looking at biodegradable options</a> for PIV particles.</p><p>One study found that corn and arrowroot starches were good candidates, at least for applications using artificial seawater. The powders were close to neutrally-buoyant, had uniform particle sizes, and accurately captured the flow around an airfoil, live brine shrimp, and free-swimming moon jellyfish. (Image credit: <a href="https://unsplash.com/photos/a-pile-of-white-powder-sitting-on-top-of-a-wooden-table-y6r0r77k4ek" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">M. Kovalets</a>; research credit: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/bg66-976x" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Y. Su et al.</a>; via <a href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2025/08/scientists-are-building-cyborg-jellyfish-to-explore-ocean-depths/?utm_source=bsky&amp;utm_medium=social&amp;__readwiseLocation=" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Ars Technica</a>)</p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/biology/" target="_blank">#biology</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/flow-visualization/" target="_blank">#flowVisualization</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/particle-image-velocimetry/" target="_blank">#particleImageVelocimetry</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/piv/" target="_blank">#PIV</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a></p>
Nicole Sharp<p><strong>Seeking Randomness</strong></p> <p><a class="" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/wp-content/uploads/random3.png" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"></a></p> <p><a class="" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/wp-content/uploads/random1.png" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"></a></p> <p><a class="" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/wp-content/uploads/random2.png" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"></a></p> <p></p> <p>Securing information on the Internet requires a lot of random numbers, something computers are not good at creating on their own. This need for random input raises an important philosophical and practical question: what <em>is</em> randomness? How can we be sure that something truly is random, or is it enough for a system to be practically random? Joe explores these questions in this Be Smart video, which shows off how companies use systems — including fluid dynamical ones like lava lamps and wave machines — to generate random numbers for encryption. (Video and image credit: Be Smart)</p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/buoyancy/" target="_blank">#buoyancy</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/m/" target="_blank">#m</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/mathematics/" target="_blank">#mathematics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/randomness/" target="_blank">#Randomness</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/rayleigh-taylor-instability/" target="_blank">#RayleighTaylorInstability</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a></p>
Nicole Sharp<p><strong>Compressing Jupiter’s Magnetosphere</strong></p><p>Shaped by its strong internal magnetic field and the incoming solar wind, Jupiter has the largest magnetosphere in the solar system. It also has highly active aurorae at its poles, though they are most visible in ultraviolet wavelengths. A <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JE009012" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">new analysis</a> of Juno’s data shows that on 6-7 December 2022, Jupiter’s magnetosphere got compressed, coinciding with aurorae six times brighter than usual. The compression itself came from a shock wave in the incoming solar wind. (Image credit: NASA/JPL; research credit: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JE009012" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">R. Giles et al.</a>; via <a href="https://eos.org/research-spotlights/a-solar-wind-squeeze-may-have-strengthened-jovian-aurorae?__readwiseLocation=" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Eos</a>)</p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/aurora/" target="_blank">#aurora</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/jupiter/" target="_blank">#Jupiter</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/magnetohydrodynamics/" target="_blank">#magnetohydrodynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/shockwave/" target="_blank">#shockwave</a></p>
Nicole Sharp<p><strong>Rip Currents and Hurricanes</strong></p><p>When it comes to the beach, looks can be deceiving. That calm-looking water to the side of big crashing waves may actually be a rip current that carries water back out to the ocean. Rip currents are a result of conservation of mass; just as waves carry water to the shore, something has to carry that incoming water back out to the ocean. Depending on the local topography, that outflow could be below the water surface, creating an undertow, or along the surface, as a rip current.</p><p>Even when far offshore, hurricanes can trigger unexpected and strong rip currents, largely because they create bigger waves that travel shoreward. Those waves can also change the depth and layout of the underwater shoreline, potentially exacerbating rip currents.</p><p>For more on rip currents, including the latest guidance on how to escape one, <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-hurricanes-like-erin-trigger-rip-currents-hundreds-of-miles-away/?__readwiseLocation=" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">check out this article</a>. (Image credit: <a href="https://unsplash.com/photos/a-red-and-white-sign-sitting-on-the-side-of-a-road-oTDSqLdBHDc" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">A. Marlowe</a>; via <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-hurricanes-like-erin-trigger-rip-currents-hundreds-of-miles-away/?__readwiseLocation=" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">SciAm</a>)</p><p><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/conservation-of-mass/" target="_blank">#conservationOfMass</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/fluid-dynamics/" target="_blank">#fluidDynamics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/hurricanes/" target="_blank">#hurricanes</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/ocean/" target="_blank">#ocean</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/ocean-waves/" target="_blank">#oceanWaves</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/physics/" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/rip-currents/" target="_blank">#ripCurrents</a> <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" class="hashtag u-tag u-category" href="https://fyfluiddynamics.com/tagged/science/" target="_blank">#science</a></p>

Aboard a Hurricane Hunter

For decades, NOAA has relied on two WP-3D Orion aircraft–nicknamed Kermit and Miss Piggy–to carry crews into the heart of hurricanes, collecting data all the while. Every ride aboard a Hurricane Hunter is a bumpy one, but some flights are notorious for the level of turbulence they see. In a recent analysis, researchers used flight data since 2004 (as well as a couple of infamous historic flights) to determine a “bumpiness index” that people aboard each flight would experience, based on the plane’s accelerations and changes in acceleration (i.e., jerk).

The analysis confirmed that a 1989 flight into Hurricane Hugo was the bumpiest of all-time, followed by a 2022 flight into Hurricane Ian, which was notable for its side-to-side (rather than up-and-down) motions. Overall, they found that the most turbulent flights occurred in strong storms that would weaken in the next 12 hours, and that the bumpiest spot in a hurricane was on the inner edge of the eyewall. That especially turbulent region, they found, is associated with a large gradient in radar reflectivity, which could help future Hurricane Hunter pilots avoid such dangers. (Image credit: NOAA; research credit: J. Wadler et al.; via Eos)

Cooling Tower Demolition

As part of the demolition of a decommissioned coal-fired power plant in Nottinghamshire, workers simultaneously demolished eight cooling towers. The video is here. As the towers collapse, smoke and dust gets blown both out of the base and up each tower. The flow details are fascinating. The plumes have rings in them, perhaps related to how the blast’s waves reflect in the tower or how the structure itself fails. Vortex rings curl up as the rising plumes mix with the surrounding air. If you’re anything like me, you’ll have to replay it several times! (Image credit: BBC; submitted by jshoer)

Tides Widen Ice Cracks

When icebergs calve off of Arctic and Antarctic coastlines, it affects glacial flows upstream as well as local mixing between fresh- and seawater. A recent study points to ocean tides as a major factor in widening the ice cracks that lead to calving. The team built a simplified mathematical model of an ice shelf, taking into account the ice’s viscoelasticity, local tides, and winds. Then they compared the model’s predictions with satellite, GPS, and radar data of Antarctica’s Brunt Ice Shelf, where an iceberg the size of Greater London broke off in 2023.

Between their model and the observation data, the team was able to show that the crack that preceded calving consistently grew during the spring tides, when tidal forces were at their strongest. The work gives us one more clue for refining our predictions of when major calving events are likely. (Image and research credit: O. Marsh et al.; via Gizmodo)

A Glimpse of the Solar Wind

In December 2024, Parker Solar Probe made its closest pass yet to our Sun. In doing so, it captured the detailed images seen here, where three coronal mass ejections — giant releases of plasma, twisted by magnetic fields — collide in the Sun’s corona. Events like these shape the solar wind and the space weather that reaches us here on Earth. The biggest events can cause beautiful auroras, but they also run the risk of breaking satellites, power grids, and other infrastructure. (Image credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins APL/Naval Research Lab; video credit: NASA Goddard; via Gizmodo)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k1dTwEyuD44